How ‘smart’ are smart specialization strategies?
An analysis of regional S3 strategies implemented in the EU to determine their impact and factors influencing effectiveness.
An analysis of regional S3 strategies implemented in the EU to determine their impact and factors influencing effectiveness.
Pledges are mostly tilted towards energy-related emissions, but a broader paradigm shift is needed to fight the climate crisis.
Policy reforms need to address low financial returns which hamper the contribution of FDI to sustainable development.
The potential for bringing production back home crucially depends on local innovation ecosystems.
Automation and reshoring mitigate risks. Industrial policies aiming to reduce dependence on global supply chains could accelerate the trend.