Is Industry 4.0 driving the backshoring of manufacturing activity?
The potential for bringing production back home crucially depends on local innovation ecosystems.
The potential for bringing production back home crucially depends on local innovation ecosystems.
The region’s high labour and capital costs present a serious challenge to its competitiveness.
The recovery of supply chains can be supported through trade policies and firm-specific initiatives.
COVID-19 struck at the core of GVC hub regions, with severe implications for international production networks.