Corporate R&D intensity gap and structural change
A global competitiveness perspective of the EU’s industrial R&D investment.
A global competitiveness perspective of the EU’s industrial R&D investment.
An analysis of regional S3 strategies implemented in the EU to determine their impact and factors influencing effectiveness.
Demand-led industrial strategies can be highly effective, but need to be carefully designed and implemented to avoid possible pitfalls.
The potential for bringing production back home crucially depends on local innovation ecosystems.
Automation and reshoring mitigate risks. Industrial policies aiming to reduce dependence on global supply chains could accelerate the trend.